Which factor contributes to cognitive decline in older adults?

Cognitive decline in older adults can be influenced by various factors, and chronic stress is a significant contributor. Stress triggers physiological responses in the body, including the release of stress hormones like cortisol. Over time, elevated cortisol levels can have detrimental effects on brain function, particularly in areas crucial for memory and learning, such as the hippocampus. Chronic stress can impair cognitive processes, leading to difficulties in attention, memory retrieval, and problem-solving.

In contrast, factors like regular social engagement, a healthy diet, and regular exercise are associated with cognitive health and resilience. These factors promote brain health by encouraging neuroplasticity, improving blood flow to the brain, and providing essential nutrients that are beneficial for cognitive functioning. Therefore, while these lifestyle choices can help mitigate cognitive decline, chronic stress is a clear risk factor that can exacerbate cognitive issues in older adults.